Resources, research and evaluation
For learning from child safeguarding practice reviews visit NSPCC library catalogue
For learning from Adult safeguarding practice reviews visit the national SAR library nationalnetwork.org.uk/search.html
The College of Policing Crime Reduction Toolkit
Using the EMMIE framework (effect, mechanism, moderators, implementation and economic cost), the CoP Crime Reduction Toolkit summarises research evidence on what works to reduce crime, including crimes wider than serious violence. Information includes the impact of different interventions on crime, how and where interventions work, how to implement the interventions and their cost.
Crime reduction toolkit | College of Policing
Youth Endowment Fund Toolkit
Presented in an accessible and digestible format, the YEF Toolkit summarises research evidence about different approaches to preventing serious youth violence. It includes a description of the approach, how effective it’s likely to be, how confident you can be in the impact estimate, indicative costs and links to related resources and programmes.
The Early Intervention Foundation Guidebook
The EIF Guidebook provides information about early intervention programmes that have been evaluated and shown to improve outcomes for children and young people. Outcomes include ‘preventing crime, violence and antisocial behaviour’, and outcomes linked to involvement in serious violence such as ‘enhancing school achievement & employment’. Information includes the specific outcomes a programme has been shown to improve, the size of those improvements, the strength of evidence for impact, relative costs, how the programme works, how it is delivered and the conditions or resources that can make a programme more likely to be effective.
McNeish, D. & Scott, S. Tackling and preventing serious youth violence: a rapid evidence review (2018)
The purpose of this review was to inform thinking about ways to prevent and tackle youth
violence, and in particular to consider the evidence for the kinds of community-based
preventative projects which might be most effective in the London context.
The main questions for this review were:
- What learning is there from existing research on tackling/preventing youth violence
(internationally and within the UK)? - What approaches for addressing serious youth violence have been used, and what is
the evidence for their effectiveness? - What relevant examples of good practice are there and how transferable might
these be for the London context?
Tackling and preventing serious youth violence: a rapid evidence review (dmss.co.uk)
The Scottish Centre for Crime and Justice Research (2013) Knife Crime interventions ‘What works?’
This review of the literature sought to identify what is known about ‘what works’ in reducing knife carrying and knife crime. Specifically, it sought to identify the features of successful interventions for young people; summarise evidence of good practice; and examine the outcomes of successful intervention programmes.
VRU Evaluations: The Violence Reduction Unit have commissioned Liverpool John Moores University to evaluate four funded interventions:
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- Choices– social skills schools project aimed at staff and year 6 and 7 pupils.
- RESET– custody navigators intervention offering support to young people within custody and in the community.
- A&E Navigators- youth workers offering support to young people within accident and emergency departments, via NHS 111 and within the community
- TIPS– Trauma informed practitioners based within District Policing Teams supporting officers to deliver trauma informed practice to the public and to consider their own wellbeing. This includes some wider police force training in trauma informed practice.
The evaluations will give an understanding of the process of intervention delivery, including successes and obstacles, the cohorts reached and the recipients’ and providers’ experiences. This will inform the providers how they may improve the success of the interventions they are delivering and give guidance for other providers aiming to deliver similar interventions. Additionally, the evaluations will provide some insight into the impacts achieved, demonstrating whether the interventions are effective at reducing risk factors for violence in the local context. This can inform future commissioning decisions.
Houses of Parliament: Early Interventions to Reduce Violent Crime. (2019)
This document focuses on definitions and interventions for violent crime in England and Wales POST-PN-0599.pdf (parliament.uk)
World Health Organisation: Preventing violence (2004)
This paper provides conceptual, policy and practical advice on how to implement the country-level recommendations in the World Report on Violence and Health for multi-sector prevention of interpersonal violence.
Local Government Association – Public Health Approaches to reducing violence (2018)
Addressing violence is not a single agency issue, as it is the culmination of many different
issues. It is only by pursuing a strategic, coordinated approach involving a range of agencies,
including partnerships between statutory and voluntary organisations, that violent crime can
be effectively addressed.
As local leaders councils play a key role in reducing violence, bringing together partners
through their strategic and operational role spanning enforcement, early intervention,
prevention in relation to violent crime and provision of support to victims of violence.
Although there are different ways to reduce violent behaviour, a public health approach
is being increasingly discussed, using an evidence-led methodology to reduce and
prevent violence in communities.
This report provides an introduction to the subject, and asks three key questions:
- What is a public health approach to reducing violence?
- What does a public health approach tell us about violence?
- Which public health interventions are promising in reducing violence?
Public health approaches to reducing violence | Local Government Association
Public Health England: A whole-system multi-agency approach to serious violence prevention
The aim of this resource is to propose a practical approach that will facilitate partners’ understanding and response to serious violence as it is affecting their local communities. The approach advocates a whole system multi-agency approach that is place-based and incorporates public health principles.
A whole-system multi-agency approach to serious violence prevention (publishing.service.gov.uk)
HM Government: Serious Violence Strategy 2018
Law enforcement is a very important part of the Serious Violence Strategy, but it also looks at the root causes of the problem and how to support young people to lead productive lives away from violence. Action in the strategy is centred on 4 main themes: tackling county lines and misuse of drugs, early intervention and prevention, supporting communities and local partnerships and law enforcement and the criminal justice response.
Serious Violence Strategy – GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
McNeish, D. & Scott, S. Tackling and preventing serious youth violence: a rapid evidence review (2018)
The purpose of this review was to inform thinking about ways to prevent and tackle youth
violence, and in particular to consider the evidence for the kinds of community-based
preventative projects which might be most effective in the London context.
The main questions for this review were:
- What learning is there from existing research on tackling/preventing youth violence
(internationally and within the UK)? - What approaches for addressing serious youth violence have been used, and what is
the evidence for their effectiveness? - What relevant examples of good practice are there and how transferable might
these be for the London context?
Tackling and preventing serious youth violence: a rapid evidence review (dmss.co.uk)
Liverpool John Moores University and Public Health Wales: Everybody’s business. Early intervention crime reduction
This report aims to aid understanding of how partners, including police and justice, health and social care, local government, education, and the third sector, can work together to prevent harms that cross the public health and criminal justice landscape.
It provides examples of ways in which multi-agency partners can work to implement whole system approaches to addressing harm and examines areas where early intervention and preventative policing approaches have been or are likely to be successful. It also discusses key facilitators and barriers to implementing early intervention and preventative policing, many of which are also likely to be relevant across multi-agency partners.
The report has been produced by the WHO Collaborating Centre on Violence Prevention at Liverpool John Moores University and the WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being at Public Health Wales.
2023-11-everybodys-business-early-intervention-crime-reduction.pdf (ljmu.ac.uk)